Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)
Ownership as documented
not applicable
Conflicting records. The research disagrees; every version is shown and none has been chosen as correct.
- Country
- Switzerland/GlobalFrom the research record · cites:
- Global Organized Crime Index: Albania (2025) (opens in a new tab)GI-TOC · 2025 · ngo · EN
- InternationalFrom the research record
- Switzerland/GlobalFrom the research record · cites:
- Source label
- VERIFIEDFrom the research record · cites:
- Global Organized Crime Index: Albania (2025) (opens in a new tab)GI-TOC · 2025 · ngo · EN
- UNDER_INVESTIGATIONFrom the research record
- VERIFIEDFrom the research record · cites:
Description
Publishes the Global Organized Crime Index and SEE Risk Bulletins. Its 2019 estimate of laundering through Albanian real estate (EUR 1.6bn, 2016-2019, secondary citation) is central to the construction hypothesis.
Other accounts in the research (1 field worded differently)
This record appears in more than one research record. The main text above comes from one; the other versions are kept here unedited.
- Description
- Publishes the Global Organized Crime Index and SEE Risk Bulletins. Its 2019 estimate of laundering through Albanian real estate (EUR 1.6bn, 2016-2019, secondary citation) is central to the construction hypothesis.From the research record
- Published estimates: EUR 500m laundered through Albanian real estate in 2019 (mortgage-based, per Intellinews); about EUR 240m through construction over three years (2022 Western Balkans report, per Citizens.al).From the research record
Contracts and money
Figures recorded for the cases linked to this organisation. A figure here is not necessarily paid to or by this organisation; check payer and payee.
GI-TOC estimate: laundering through Albanian real estate, 2016-2019 (secondary)
€1,600,000,000
otherSource label: Under investigationStated definition: Estimate, secondary citation. Window reported as 2016-2019 by one source and 2017-2019 by another. Not measured. No method published in the sources reviewed.
Date: 2019 · Payer: unknown · Payee: Albanian real estate
- Drug money in Albania laundered in construction, tourism: GI report (opens in a new tab)Albanian Daily News · 2019 · journalism · EN
Officials and people linked
No person is linked to this organisation in the research.
Investigations and cases
Sorted by reported money, then by linked people and their legal status. The money figure is the largest single reported figure, not a total.
From 2016
Real-estate and construction laundering: estimates and analysis (GI-TOC, DASH, FES, OBCT)
Several NGOs and researchers argue that criminal money has moved through Albanian construction and property. The best-known number is a GI-TOC estimate of up to EUR 1.6bn laundered through real…
Status: Analysis and estimates; no court finding linking specific developments to crime money.
Sources for this record
Every source the research cites for this record, grouped by its source label. 1 source.
Source label: VerifiedVerified · 1 source
- Publisher
- GI-TOC
- Date
- 2025